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Correct Answer: C

The most likely vulnerability in this system is hard-coded credential. Hard-coded credential is a practice of embedding or storing a username, password, or other sensitive information in the source code or configuration file of a system or application. Hard-coded credential can pose a serious security risk, as it can expose the system or application to unauthorized access, data theft, or compromise if the credential is discovered or leaked by an attacker. Hard-coded credential can also make it difficult to change or update the credential if needed, as it may require modifying the code or file and redeploying the system or application.

Correct Answer: C

Quarantining the server is the best action to perform immediately, as it isolates the affected server from the rest of the network and prevents the ransomware from spreading to other systems or data. Quarantining the server also preserves the evidence of the ransomware attack, which can be useful for forensic analysis and law enforcement investigation. The other actions are not as urgent as quarantining the server, as they may not stop the ransomware infection, or they may destroy valuable evidence. Shutting down the server may not remove the ransomware, and it may trigger a data deletion mechanism by the ransomware. Reimaging the server may restore its functionality, but it will also erase any traces of the ransomware and make recovery of encrypted data impossible. Updating the OS to the latest version may fix some vulnerabilities, but it will not remove the ransomware or decrypt the data.

https://www.cisa.gov/stopransomware/ransomware-guide https://www.cisa.gov/stopransomware/ive-been-hit-ransomware

Correct Answer: C

After detecting a compromised email server and unusual network traffic, the next step in incident response is containment, to prevent further damage or spread of the compromise. References: CompTIA CySA+ Study Guide: S0-003, 3rd Edition, Chapter 5: Incident Response, page 197.

Correct Answer: D

When a confidential trade secret has been compromised, it's crucial to first verify any legal notification requirements, especially if the compromised information includes Personally Identifiable Information (PII) or Sensitive Personal Identifiable Information (SPII). This step ensures that the organization complies with relevant laws and regulations, which may mandate specific actions or disclosures. Involving the legal and human resources departments helps to ensure that the response is both legally compliant and appropriately managed from an internal perspective.

Correct Answer: B

The NTP configuration on each system should be checked first, as it is essential for ensuring accurate and consistent time stamps across different systems. NTP is the Network Time Protocol, which is used to synchronize the clocks of computers over a network. NTP uses a hierarchical system of time sources, where each level is assigned a stratum number. The most accurate time sources, such as atomic clocks or GPS receivers, are at stratum 0, and the devices that synchronize with them are at stratum 1, and so on. NTP clients can query multiple NTP servers and use algorithms to select the best time source and adjust their clocks accordingly1. If the NTP configuration is not consistent or correct on each system, the time stamps of the logs and events may differ, making it difficult to correlate incidents across different systems. This can affect the security analysis and correlation of events, as well as the compliance and auditing of the network23. References: How the Windows Time Service Works, Time Synchronization - All You Need To Know, What is SIEM? | Microsoft Security