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Mary Beard notes that the classical past has never been________ by only one political tendency or party: the classics have been used in support of revolutions as well as dictatorships.

A. endured

B. relinquished

C. forsworn

D. critiqued

E. co-opted

Suburbanization arguably ushered in numerous changes in (he way many people in the United States lived: the suburbs_________a society based on unprecedented consumption and intense privacy.

A. validated

B. affirmed

C. inaugurated

D. engendered

E. enlivened

F. represented

The poet Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906) was the premier Black writer of poetry that used the dialect of rural African Americans of the southern United States. Although Dunbar's works were both popular with readers and acclaimed by literary critics during his lifetime, after the First World War a radical shift occurred, at least in critical opinion of his poetry, and twentieth-century critical evaluation of his work has been generally negative. Some critics attacked his work on social grounds for failing to challenge plantation stereotypes of African Americans. Other critics, such as the poet James Weldon Johnson, argued from aesthetic grounds that dialect poetry in general was too limited as an artistic medium, and capable of producing only two effects: pathos and humor. The negative critical trend only began to reverse itself in the 1970s, when scholars began to emphasize the importance of mythic, psychological, and historical dimensions of Dunbar's works, focusing on the interior and exterior realities of African American life after the Civil War.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning scholars' use of mythic, psychological, and historical considerations in evaluating Dunbar's works?

A. Such use disputes the claim that Dunbar's work failed to challenge plantation stereotypes of African Americans.

B. Such use challenges the claim that dialect poetry is well suited to producing effects of pathos and humor.

C. Such use supports the claim that Dunbar's poetry was aesthetically more limited when written in dialect.

D. Such use suggests that the initial reception accorded Dunbar's poetry may have been too positive.

E. Such use suggests that earlier twentieth-century evaluations of Dunbar's poetry may have been too negative.

W.E.

B. Du Bois's exhibit of African American history and culture at the 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle attracted the attention of a world of sociological scholarship whose values his work challenged. Du Bois believed that sociological sociologists failed in their attempts to gain greater understanding of human deeds because their work examined not deeds but theories and because they gathered data not to effect social progress but merely to theorize. In his exhibit. Du Bois sought to present cultural artifacts that would shift the focus of sociology from the construction of vast generalizations to die observation of particular. living individual elements of society and the working contributions of individual people to a vast functioning social structure. The passage implies that Du Bois attributed which of the following beliefs to Spencerian sociologists?

A.

Theorizing is important to the understanding of human actions.

B.

Vast generalizations have limited value.

C.

Data gathering is a relatively unimportant part of sociological research.

D.

Sociology should focus on the living elements of society rather than cultural artifacts.

E.

Particulars are more important than universals.

The probability that event R will occur is 0.65. The probability that event T will occur is 0.47.

A. Quantity A is greater.

B. Quantity B is greater.

C. The two quantities are equal.

D. The relationship cannot he determined from the information given.