A female who is a carrier of an X-linked recessive disability produces an offspring with a normal male. What is the chance that the male offspring will have the disability?

A. 0%

B. 25%

C. 50%

D. 100%

A virus contains all of the following except?

A. mitochondria

B. RNA

C. amino acids

D. DNA

Which pathway accounts for the least amount of ATP generated (by the pathway)?

A. glycolysis

B. TCA cycle

C. ETC

D. all have an equal number of ATP made

If a substance has a constant half-life of 10 weeks, how many grams of a 12 g sample would remain after 30 weeks?

A. 8 g

B. 6 g

C. 3 g

D. less than 2 g

The addition of HBr with peroxide and an alkene yields what product?

A. Markovnikov's product

B. anti-Markovnikov's product

C. Saytzeff's product

D. the ortho product

Which of the following would show a peak at 2190 cm-1?

A. alkane

B. alkene

C. alkyne

D. ketone

Which of the following has the largest bond order?

A. Option A

B. Option B

C. Option C

D. Option D

What will be the genotype of the gametes produced by a Tt individual?

A. All Tt

B. 1/2 T and 1/2 t

C. 1/2 Tt and 1/2 tT

D. All t

E. All T

Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects millions of individuals worldwide, and the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America estimates that 70,000 to 100,000 individuals have SCD and 3 million individuals have the sickle cell trait. While SCD is known to primarily affect individuals of African American descent, individuals from South America, the Caribbean, Central America, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean can also have SCD or the SCD trait. SCD is estimated to affect 1 in 500 African American infants, and 1 in 12 African Americans are estimated to have the sickle cell trait. SCD is characterized by episodes of acute and chronic pain. By increasing awareness about SCD and promoting patient education, health care professionals can help patients and their families cope with SCD and better manage the associated pain. Recurring episodes of acute and/or severe pain are hallmarks of SCD. SCD pain can often be debilitating, and episodes of pain vary from patient to patient in both frequency and intensity. SCD pain can be classified as acute, chronic, or mixed. At some point, most SCD patients experience episodes of pain often referred to as vaso-occlusive crisis (sickle cell crisis), the duration of which may range from hours to days. Some patients seldom have a sickle cell crisis, while others may experience crises several times a year. Some episodes may be so severe that hospitalization is warranted to manage the pain. An acute pain event is the most common type of pain, and the onset is typically abrupt. It is often the result of an ischemic tissue injury, which is due to the occlusion of microvascular beds by sickled erythrocytes during an acute crisis. Acute pain episodes can also be triggered by factors including extreme temperature changes, changes in altitude, physical and emotional stress, illnesses, infections, dehydration, cold climates, menstruation, and fatigue. Chronic pain is pain that lasts for 3 to 6 months or longer. Chronic pain often results from the destruction of bones, joints, and visceral organs due to recurrent crises. Sources of chronic sickle cell pain include aseptic necrosis, leg ulcerations, and osteomyelitis. Unfortunately, acute and chronic pain associated with SCD are commonly undertreated or inappropriately managed due to patient fear of potential addiction and adverse effects. Many studies report that some health care professionals are also concerned about the potential for addiction. When appropriate, pharmacologic management of SCD pain may involve the use of 3 major pharmacologic classes: nonopioids, opioids, and adjuvants.

The word "hallmarks" in paragraph 2 most likely means?

A. labels

B. signals

C. features

D. badges

Since 1997, the American Heart Association (AHA) has attempted to increase awareness about cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women. Fortunately, great progress has been made to educate individuals about CVD and its consequences. According to the AHA's 2011 Guidelines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women, the misconception that CVD is a "man's disease" has been somewhat disproved, as awareness among the general public increased from 30% in 1997 to 54% in 2009. Unfortunately, CVD continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women. Since 1984, the number of deaths related to CVD in women exceeded those in men. In the United States, CVD death rates among women aged 35 to 54 years appear to be increasing by 1% annually, which is most likely attributable to the escalating obesity epidemic. According to the AHA, even though CVD is the number 1 cause of death among women, only 13% of women perceive CVD as a health threat. CVD is responsible for more deaths among women than the next 3 leading causes of death combined, including all forms of cancer. Due to the ongoing prevalence of CVD, increasing awareness and understanding of CVD, especially among the female population, is still a top priority for many health care professionals. As one of the most accessible health care professionals, pharmacists are in a pivotal position to educate and inform their patients of the risks associated with CVD, possible drug therapies, and preventive measures. The AHA has set a goal for 2020 to improve cardiovascular health in all Americans by 20%, while reducing deaths from CVD and stroke by 20%. According to the American Heart Association, in the United States a woman dies of some form of CVD every minute and more than 1 in 3 females have some form of CVD. Studies have demonstrated that gender differences may play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CVD. Unfortunately, many women may not always recognize the warning signs and symptoms of a heart attack because they sometimes appear more subtle when compared with those typically experienced by men. Results from a study of 515 women who had heart attacks report that 43% did not experience any type of chest pain or pressure during the heart attack. Although the classic symptoms include chest pain, tingling in the left arm, sweating, and shortness of breath, women may also experience some "atypical" symptoms, such as extreme fatigue, nausea, dizziness, indigestion, vomiting, and pain in the neck or back. By learning and recognizing the warning signs, women can take a proactive approach to their cardiovascular health and get treatment earlier to prevent further complications.

Throughout the passage, it is implied that which of the following will lead to fewer deaths resulting from CVD?

A. Finding a cure for CVD.

B. Raising awareness and understanding of CVD.

C. Teaching women about the consequences of CVD.

D. Educating men and women about heart attacks.

On a bad day, have you ever been irritable? Have you ever used a harsh tone or even been verbally disrespectful to your parents or teachers? Everyone has a short temper from time to time, but current statistics indicate that between 16% and 20% of a school population suffer from a psychological condition known as Oppositional Defiance Disorder, or ODD.

ODD symptoms include difficulty complying with adult requests, excessive arguments with adults, temper tantrums, difficulty accepting responsibility for actions, low frustration tolerance, and behaviors intended to annoy or upset adults. Parents of children with ODD can often feel as though their whole relationship is based on conflict after conflict.

Unfortunately, ODD can be caused by a number of factors. Some students affected by ODD suffer abuse, neglect, and severe or unpredictable discipline at home. Others have parents with mood disorders or have experienced family violence. Various types of therapy are helpful in treating ODD, and some drugs can treat particular symptoms. However, no single cure exists.

The best advice from professionals is directed toward parents. Therapists encourage parents to avoid situations that usually end in power struggles, to try not to feed into oppositional behavior by reacting emotionally, to praise positive behaviors, and to discourage negative behaviors with timeouts instead of harsh discipline.

As used in this passage, the word oppositional most nearly means:

A. Uncooperative

B. Violent

C. Passive aggressive

D. Altruistic

On a bad day, have you ever been irritable? Have you ever used a harsh tone or even been verbally disrespectful to your parents or teachers? Everyone has a short temper from time to time, but current statistics indicate that between 16% and 20% of a school population suffer from a psychological condition known as Oppositional Defiance Disorder, or ODD.

ODD symptoms include difficulty complying with adult requests, excessive arguments with adults, temper tantrums, difficulty accepting responsibility for actions, low frustration tolerance, and behaviors intended to annoy or upset adults. Parents of children with ODD can often feel as though their whole relationship is based on conflict after conflict.

Unfortunately, ODD can be caused by a number of factors. Some students affected by ODD suffer abuse, neglect, and severe or unpredictable discipline at home. Others have parents with mood disorders or have experienced family violence. Various types of therapy are helpful in treating ODD, and some drugs can treat particular symptoms. However, no single cure exists.

The best advice from professionals is directed toward parents. Therapists encourage parents to avoid situations that usually end in power struggles, to try not to feed into oppositional behavior by reacting emotionally, to praise positive behaviors, and to discourage negative behaviors with timeouts instead of harsh discipline.

The author's purpose in writing this passage is to:

A. Prove that parents are the cause of ODD.

B. Express frustration about ODD.

C. Inform the reader about this complex condition.

D. Persuade the reader to keep students with ODD out of public school.

How many solutions does the equation have?

A. 3

B. 2

C. 1

D. 0

A small t-shirt store sells two different kinds of shirts: short sleeve cost $15.00 and long sleeve cost $18.00. If the store sold 21 shirts last night and made $351, how many of each kind of shirt did the store sell?

A. 9 short sleeve and 12 long sleeve

B. 6 short sleeve and 9 long sleeve

C. 8 short sleeve and 11 long sleeve

D. 7 short sleeve and 10 long sleeve

What does 4x – 1/2y equal if x = 9 and y = 6?

A. 36

B. 33

C. 30

D. 26