ISA-IEC-62443 Online Practice Questions and Answers

Correct Answer: A

One of the primary goals of providing a framework addressing secure product development life-cycle requirements is to ensure that the development process of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) products is aligned with the security objectives and requirements of the ISA/IEC 62443 series of standards. The framework defines a secure development life-cycle (SDL) that covers all the phases of product development, from security requirements definition, to secure design, implementation, verification, validation, defect management, patch management, and product end-of-life. The framework also provides guidance on how to document and demonstrate compliance with the SDL requirements, as well as how to assess the security performance of the products using security levels. By following the framework, product suppliers can improve the security of their products and reduce the risk of vulnerabilities and exploits that may compromise the safety, integrity, reliability, and security of IACS. References: ISA/IEC 62443-4-1:2018, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-1: Product security development life-cycle requirements1 ISA/IEC 62443-4-2:2019, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-2: Technical security requirements for IACS components2

Correct Answer: A

According to the IEC 62443 standard, a capability security level (SL-C) is defined as "the security level that a component or system is capable of meeting when it is properly configured and protected by an appropriate set of security countermeasures" 1. A component or system can have different SL-Cs for different security requirements, depending on its design and implementation. The SL-C is determined by testing the component or system against a set of security test cases that correspond to the security requirements. The SL-C is not dependent on the actual operational environment or configuration of the component or system, but rather on its inherent capabilities. References: IEC 62443 - Wikipedia

Correct Answer: C

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a framework that describes the functions of a networking system. The OSI model categorizes the computing functions of the different network components, outlining the rules and

requirement needed to support the interoperability of the software and hardware that make up the network1. The OSI model consists of seven abstraction layers arranged in a top-down order:

Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. The Transport layer is the fourth layer in the OSI model, and it is responsible for ensuring reliable and efficient data transfer between the Network layer and the

Session layer2. The Transport layer uses protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to provide end-to-end communication services, such as error detection and correction, flow control,

congestion control, and segmentation2. The image that you sent shows a 3D representation of the OSI model, with the layers stacked on top of each other. The missing layer is the Transport layer, which is represented by a pink box with a

white arrow pointing to it. The arrow is labeled "TCP, UDP".

1: What is the OSI Model? 7 Network Layers Explained | Fortinet 2: What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks

Correct Answer: AC

The ISA-99 (IEC 62443) Reference Model levels are based on the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA) and describe how data flows through industrial networks. The levels are as follows1:

Level 0: The physical process, where the actual production or operation takes place.

Level 1: Basic control, where sensors and actuators monitor and manipulate the physical process.

Level 2: Supervisory control, where human-machine interfaces (HMIs) and controllers coordinate and optimize the basic control functions. Level 3: Operations management, where production scheduling, inventory management, quality

control, and other functions are performed. Level 4: Business planning and logistics, where enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), and other business functions are performed.

Therefore, the correct names for level 1 and level 3 are supervisory control and operations management, respectively. Level 2 is not quality control, but supervisory control. Level 4 is not process, but business planning and logistics.

References: 1: Key Concepts of ISA/IEC 62443: Zones and Security Levels | Dragos

Correct Answer: B

Security Levels (SLs) are a way of expressing the security performance of an industrial automation and control system (IACS) or its components. SLs are broken down into three types: target, capability, and achieved1. Target SL is the level of security performance that is required for a system or component to protect against a specific threat scenario. The target SL is determined by conducting a risk assessment that considers the likelihood and impact of potential security

incidents1.

Capability SL is the level of security performance that a system or component can provide based on its design and implementation. The capability SL is determined by evaluating the security functions and features of the system or component

against a set of security requirements1.

Achieved SL is the level of security performance that a system or component actually provides in its operational environment. The achieved SL is determined by verifying that the system or component is properly installed, configured,

maintained, and monitored1.

References: ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, page 3- 4.

Correct Answer: B

According to the OSI model, the physical address is assigned in the layer 2, also known as the data link layer. The physical address is a unique identifier for each device on a network, such as a MAC address or a serial number. The data link layer is responsible for transferring data between adjacent nodes on a network, using the physical address to identify the source and destination of each frame. The data link layer also provides error detection and correction, flow control, and media access control. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Exam Prep, section 2.2; ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, section 3.1.2.

Correct Answer: B

According to the ISO 27001 standard, the first step in implementing an Information Security Management System (ISMS) is to define an information security policy that establishes the direction and principles for information security in the organization1. The information security policy should be approved by top management and communicated to all relevant parties1. The other choices are not the first step, but rather subsequent steps in the ISMS implementation process. Creating a security management organization, performing a security risk assessment, and implementing strict security controls are all part of the ISMS planning phase, which follows the policy definition phase2. References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Section 5.2 2: How To Implement ISO 27001: A Step By Step Guide, Section 2

Correct Answer: B

Authorization security policy is the primary factor that determines access privileges for user accounts. Authorization security policy is the function of specifying access rights or privileges to resources, which is related to general information security and computer security, and to access control in particular1. Authorization security policy defines who can access what resources, under what conditions, and for what purposes. Authorization security policy should be aligned with the business objectives and security requirements of the organization, and should be enforced by appropriate mechanisms and controls. Authorization security policy should also be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the environment, threats, and risks2. Authorization security policy is an essential part of the ISA/IEC 62443 standard, which provides a framework for securing industrial automation and control systems (IACS). The standard defines four security levels (SL) that represent the degree of protection against threats, and specifies the security capabilities that should be implemented for each SL. The standard also provides guidance on how to conduct a security risk assessment, how to define security zones and conduits, and how to apply security policies and procedures to the IACS environment34 . References:https://bing.com/search?q=authorization+security+policy https://learn.microsoft.com/enus/aspnet/core/security/authorization/policies?view=aspnetcore-7.0